Tuesday, April 26, 2011

Microbiology review test two

Which compound above is ( in the process of) being reduced?
FAD+
which compound above is a newly formed reduced compound?
FADH2
Which compound above is (in the process of) being oxidized?
Succinct acid
Which compound above has is a newly formed oxidized compound?
Finagle acid
During glycolysis, glucose is... To ... And ATP is formed by... Phosphorylation?
Oxidized, pyruvate, substrate level
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fermentation?
Large amounts of ATP are formed
In respiration, pyruvate is.., while in fermentation it is...?
Oxidized, reduced
The kerbs cycle produces?
ATP, NADH2, energy rich intermediates
ATP synthesis using an electron transport chain, the enzyme ATPase, and the proton motive force is called what?
Oxidative phosphorylation
The proton motive force?
Is used to synthesize ATP, and is produced when protons are ejected to the outside of the cell
Anaerobic respiration uses a Terminal Electron Acceptors (TEA) other than oxygen, while aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the TEA?
False
During respiration, how many ATP molecules are produced from NADH generated by the oxidation of 1 glucose to 2 acetyl-CoAs (ie from glycolysis and the transition step)?
12
You discovered a bacterium that is only capable of growing by fermentation, producing lactic acid. You then mutated the bacterium so that it was no longer capable of generating lactic acid from pyruvate. When you grew the bacterium you discovered that it grew very briefly and then stopped. Why did it stop growing even though it could still carry out glycolysis?
It is unable to recycle NADH back to NAD
NADH is recycled to NAD+ during what step in fermentation?
When NADH donates electrons to pyruvate
How is ATP being produced in the following hothetical reaction?
Glucose-P+ ADP -> glucose + ATP
Substrate level phosphorylation
Energy rich intermediates are important because?
The are formed within catabolic pathways and then used to fuel synthesis of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
NADH is recycled to NAD+ during which step in respiration?
When NADH donates electrons to the electron transport chain
Which of the following is true about fermentation?
Uses an organic molecule as the terminal electron acceptor
Glycolysis?
Produces 2NADH per glucose and can occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
The transition step?
Links glycolysis to the krebs cycle
In the electron transport chain?
NADH donates electrons to a carrier "higher-up" in the chain ( earlier in the chain) than does FADH2
New cells are being produced at the same rate other cells are dying?
Stationary phase
Primary metabolites are made?
Exponential phase
Cells are dying faster than new cells are being produced?
Death phase
Cells are active but are not dividing or growing?
Lag phase
Cells are growing as fast as they can for the given conditions?
Exponential phase
Cells are the most sensitive to disturbance?
Exponential phase
Secondary metabolites are made throughout this phase?
Stationary phase
When cells grow by binary fission?
Cells elongate before DNA is duplicated
Glycolysis and the kerns cycle have the following things in common?
Both generate energy rich intermediates
The preparatory steps of glycolysis can be bypassed in order to save energy when oxidizing sugars?
False, the preparatory steps are necessary in order to conserve energy later
Fermentation and respiration share?
Glycolysis
You have 1000000 cells after 7 generations of growth. What equation would you use to determine how many cells you started with?
1000000= No x 2 (7)
You begin the growth phasebof an experiment with 1000 cells. After incubating for 7 hours you count 10000000 cells .
How many generations occurred during that 7 hour period?
13
What is the generation time?
32 minutes
The proton motive force?
Is used to synthesize ATP and is produced when protons are ejected to the outside of the cell
In respiration pyruvate is..., while in fermentation it is..?
Oxidized, reduced

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